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Potassium chloride is a white or colorless, odorless crystalline salt formed by the chemical reaction of potassium with chlorine. It dissolves readily in water and its solutions have a salty taste. It is used as a fertilizer and in medical, scientific, and domestic water softeners.

Health effects and safety

Potassium is essential for the proper function of many body tissues, including the heart ventricle. If the body does not have sufficient potassium, it is susceptible to arrhythmias or irregular heartbeat. Low potassium can be caused by kidney dysfunction, hypertension, or by taking certain medicines (such as diuretics) that reduce the amount of potassium in the bloodstream.

KCl is readily soluble in water and many other polar solvents, such as benzene, toluene, or ethylbenzene. When it is dissolved in these solvents, it forms an ionic solution with a 1:1 ratio of potassium cations and chloride anions.

Aqueous KCl gas has very high electrical conductivity. The ionic conductivity of KCl is determined by the position of chloride ions in the electropositivity series, which increases with temperature.

At moderate pressures, KCl is refractory to high temperatures, making it an attractive material for experimental containment. Moreover, KCl is electrically insulating in the solid state and has good resistance to thermal stress, which makes it an ideal choice for high-pressure experiments on materials synthesis phase equilibria or chemical reactions.