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aqueous magnesium chloride formula is the chemical compound with the molecular formula MgCl2. This salt is a white crystalline powder. It is used in various nutraceutical preparations and pharmaceutical medications. It is also an important coagulant for preparing tofu from soy milk and is one of the main ingredients in Japanese and Chinese cuisine. It is known as Nigari in Japan and Lu Shui in China. It can be extracted from natural brines and the Dead Sea. It can also be obtained by solution mining.

The electrolysis of aqueous magnesium chloride yields metallic magnesium, magnesium hydroxide and chlorine gas. It can also be obtained by vaporizing the anhydrous magnesium chloride in a vacuum. However, this process is expensive and energy intensive. A more cost-effective method is to use molten salt electrolysis. During this process, the anhydrous magnesium chloride is dissolved in a mixture of alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorides (such as sodium, potassium, lithium and calcium). The composition of the electrolyte is selected with consideration to factors such as conductivity, melting point, viscosity, wetting properties and volatility. In addition, the electrolyte should not contain unwanted elements, such as sulphates and bromides, or heavy metals, such as iron.

Magnesium chloride is often used for low-temperature de-icing of highways, sidewalks and parking lots. It can help prevent ice from bonding to the pavement, allowing snow plows to clear treated roads more easily. It is also used in the commercial production of polyolefins as part of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.